Head and Neck Cancer Trends in Semarang: An analysis of ASR and ASCR

Background: The sustainable incidence data of Head and Neck Cancer is poorly described in Indonesia. There was no large-scale epidemiological study of head and neck cancer in Indonesia, especially in Semarang and surrounding areas. Whereas, by knowing the distribution of sex and age in the incidence data could indicate changes in patterns of cancer that occur every year. Aim: This research aim to determine the distribution of head and neck cancer based on anatomic site, age and sex by counting the Age Standardization Rates (ASR) and Age Standardization Cancer Ratio (ASCAR) score Methods : This research was a retrospective observational descriptive study using the medical records of Head and Neck Cancer Patients from Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Kariadi Central Hospital / Medical Faculty Diponegoro University and Waspada Laboratory in 2010- 2014. Collected data were tabulated manually using Microsoft Excel and analyzed and presented descriptively in table or graphic form Result: The incidences of head and neck cancer were varies every year. The nasopharyngeal cancer seems to be the most common head and neck cancer diagnosed during 2010- 2014. ASCR and ASR in male and female were different in certain head and neck cancer cases. Generally, ASR in male was higher than in females. Conclusion: The trends of head and neck cancer mostly in men. Based on age it distributed mostly in age group 40- 44.Nasopharyngeal cancer is the most cases diagnosed in this period in both male and female and followed with the neoplasm of nasal cavity and middle ear. Age Standardization used in this research allows this research’s result to be compared with the result in another population which used the same method. Keywords Head and Neck Cancer, ASR, ASC

Biphasic synovial sarcoma in the cervical spine: Case report

Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of soft tissue that typically arising near large joints of the upper and lower extremities in young adult males. Only 3% of these neoplasms have been found to arise in the head and neck region. To our knowledge, there are limited reports in the literature of this neoplasm in the cervical spine

Schwannoma of the nasal septum-a case report

Schwannomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are very rare. We report the case of a50-year-old woman with a schwannoma arising from the nasal septum. We discuss the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, imaging characteristics and treatment of thisrarely encountered lesion.Schwannoma (neurilemmoma) is a benign neoplasm arising from Schwann cells in the peripheral nerve sheath. It can arise throughout the body, but is most commonly observed in the head and neck. This region accounts for 25–45% of all schwannoma [1]. Tumors arisingfrom nasal septum are extremely rare with only less than 20 cases been reported in the English literature

Adult-type rhabdomyoma of the larynx: clinicopathologic study of an uncommon tumor in a rare location

Rhabdomyoma is an uncommon benign mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation that may occur either in the heart or in extra-cardiac sites. Even though the head and neck region is the most common area of extra-cardiac rhabdomyoma, the larynx is rarely involved. We present the case of an 85-year-old woman who reported a 10-day history of breathing difficulties, dysphagia and dysphonia. A computed tomography scan of the head and neck showed a contrast-enhanced, solid hypopharyngeal-laryngeal neoplasm with well-defined margins causing subtotal obliteration of the right pyriform sinus and a reduction in air lumen of the laryngeal vestibule. The patient underwent complete endoscopic removal of the lesion; histologic examination revealed an adult- type rhabdomyoma based on the histologic features and the immunoreactivity of the neoplastic cells for desmin, myoglobin and muscle-specific actin but not for cytokeratin, S-100, CD68R, chromogranin-A and synaptophysin. Since clinical and imaging features are not specific for rhabdomyoma, histologic examination and immunohistochemical analyses play a central role in the differential diagnosis of the adult-type rhabdomyoma from other laryngeal neoplasms. A correct diagnosis is mandatory to avoid inappropriate treatment

Dziecięcy guz Abrikossoffa w rzadkiej lokalizacji

  Abrikossoff tumor is an uncommon neoplasm of soft tissue, mostly benign but cases of aggressive malignant form with metastases were also reported. GCT can occur at any area of the body (head and neck are the most common but also limbs and vulva). Local surgical excision with wide margin is a treatment of choice but possibility of recurrence, multiple location and malignancy in time must be considered. This report presents a rare pediatric case with Abrikossoff tumor.Abrikossoff tumor is an uncommon neoplasm of soft tissue, mostly benign but cases of aggressive malignant form with metastases were also reported. GCT can occur at any area of the body (head and neck are the most common but also limbs and vulva). Local surgical excision with wide margin is a treatment of choice but possibility of recurrence, multiple location and malignancy in time must be considered. This report presents a rare pediatric case with Abrikossoff tumor

Obstructive sleep apnoea in patients treated for head and neck cancer: A systematic review of the literature

Background and objectives: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is clinically defined by signs of daytime sleepiness and objective measures of disordered breathing during sleep. The literature is still controversial on the incidence and aetiology of OSA secondary to head and neck cancer treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate and discuss the prevalence of OSA in patients treated with surgery and/or chemo/radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Materials and methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was performed on May 2020 using the MEDLINE database, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The searches were conducted using combinations of the following terms: head and neck cancer, OSA, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, partial laryngectomy, laryngeal cancer, neoplasm, tumour, carcinoma, and oropharyngeal cancer. Results: Our results suggest that head and neck cancer patients have a higher incidence of OSA (59.78%) compared to the general population; differences may occur based on the type of treatment. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the higher prevalence of OSA in patients treated for head and neck cancer and should consider a comprehensive sleep history as part of the evaluation and management of these patients. Further research is needed to evaluate the exact prevalence, aetiology, and correct management of OSA after treatment for head and neck cancer

An informatics supported web-based data annotation and query tool to expedite translational research for head and neck malignancies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Head and Neck Cancer neoplasm virtual biorepository is a bioinformatics-supported system to incorporate data from various clinical, pathological, and molecular systems into a single architecture based on a set of common data elements (CDEs) that provides semantic and syntactic interoperability of data sets.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The various components of this annotation tool include the Development of Common Data Elements (CDEs) that are derived from College of American Pathologists (CAP) Checklist and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACR) standards. The Data Entry Tool is a portable and flexible Oracle-based data entry device, which is an easily mastered web-based tool. The Data Query Tool helps investigators and researchers to search de-identified information within the warehouse/resource through a "point and click" interface, thus enabling only the selected data elements to be essentially copied into a data mart using a multi dimensional model from the warehouse's relational structure.</p> <p>The SPORE Head and Neck Neoplasm Database contains multimodal datasets that are accessible to investigators via an easy to use query tool. The database currently holds 6553 cases and 10607 tumor accessions. Among these, there are 965 metastatic, 4227 primary, 1369 recurrent, and 483 new primary cases. The data disclosure is strictly regulated by user's authorization.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The SPORE Head and Neck Neoplasm Virtual Biorepository is a robust translational biomedical informatics tool that can facilitate basic science, clinical, and translational research. The Data Query Tool acts as a central source providing a mechanism for researchers to efficiently find clinically annotated datasets and biospecimens that are relevant to their research areas. The tool protects patient privacy by revealing only de-identified data in accordance with regulations and approvals of the IRB and scientific review committee.</p

Paraganglioma of nose: a common tumor, rare site

Paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors, arising from paraganglionic tissue. They most commonly originates in adrenal gland and are known as pheochromocytoma. However 5-10% of these tumor are extra-adrenal and may appears in neck and pelvic region along sympathetic nervous system.1 In the head and neck, the most common sites of origin of this neoplasm are the carotid body, the jugular bulb and the vagal body. Paragangliomas arising from nose are very rare. We here report a rare case of paragangiloma of nose diagnosed on histopathology

Management and treatment of sinonasal inverted papilloma

Aims: The aim of this paper is to describe the surgical experience of 35 patients with Inverted Papilloma (IP) of paranasal sinuses and its recurrence rate after a year of follow-up. Materials: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients presenting with IP of paranasal sinuses. Thirty-five patients comprised the focus of this study. For all patients was performed a pre-surgery TC, and for more 5 patients it was necessary to perform a Magnetic Resonance (MR) with gadolinium. Results: Among 35 patients selected, 18 patients underwent to open surgery, 4 patients had a combined approach with endoscopy and open surgery, while 13 patients were managed only with an endoscopic approach, with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. Our results highlighted that the global percentage of success 12 months after the treatment was 93% and it not vary according to the tipology of the approach used if a radical excision of the lesion is achieved. More in depth, among 35 cases, only 2 patients were found to have recurrences and were treated with coronal and endoscopic approach. Conclusion: It is fundamental to underline that surgery must be carried on in a radical manner to treat these tend to recur. A complete removal of the lesion and bone peripheral border filing are essential to perform a correct and definitive treatment. Also, endoscopic approach can be taken into account when tumors are localized median to a sagittal plan crossing the orbit median wall and when they did not massively compromised paranasal sinus walls

Exploring the interdependencies of research funders in the UK

Investment in medical research is vital to the continuing improvement of the UK's health and wealth. It is through research that we expand our understanding of disease and develop new treatments for patients. Medical research charities currently contribute over £1 billion annually to medical research in the UK, of which over £350 million is provided by Cancer Research UK. Many charities, including Cancer Research UK, receive no government funding for their research activity. Cancer Research UK is engaged in a programme of work in order to better understand the medical research funding environment and demonstrate the importance of sustained investment. A key part of that is the Office of Health Economics‟ (OHE) 2011 report “Exploring the interdependency between public and charitable medical research”. This study found that there are substantial benefits, both financial and qualitative, from the existence of a variety of funders and that reductions in the level of government financial support for medical research are likely to have broader negative effects. This contributed to other evidence which found that the activities and funding of the charity, public and private sectors respectively are complementary, i.e. mutually reinforcing, rather than duplicative or merely substituting for one another. “Exploring the interdependencies of research funders in the UK” by the Office of Health Economics (OHE) and SPRU: Science and Technology Policy Research at the University of Sussex, represents a continued effort to build the evidence base around the funding of medical research. This report uncovers the extent to which funders of cancer research are interdependent, nationally and internationally. Key figures show that two thirds of publications acknowledging external support have relied on multiple funders, while just under half benefited from overseas funding, and almost a fifth are also supported by industry. In addition the analysis shows that the general public would not want tax funding of cancer research to be reduced, but would not donate enough to charities to compensate for any such reduction